Four electronic speed controllers (ESCs) were used to regulate the power delivered to each of the brushless motors, providing precise control over the rotational speed of the propellers. The ESCs were connected to the Pixhawk, which sent control signals to adjust motor speed based on inputs from the flight controller. Brushless motors were chosen for their efficiency and reliability, which are crucial for maintaining stable flight and conserving battery power during long-duration agricultural operations.

The drone was equipped with a GPS module to enable autonomous navigation and geolocation capabilities. The GPS data allowed for precise control during autonomous waypoint missions, ensuring that the drone followed predetermined paths over the fields. This feature is particularly useful for applications such as targeted spraying or surveying specific areas of farmland.
In addition to GPS, a telemetry module was used to communicate real-time flight data between the drone and the ground control station. The telemetry data provided crucial information, such as battery voltage, altitude, position, and speed, which allowed for monitoring the drone's status during flight and making adjustments if necessary.

The drone frame was designed using lightweight aluminum and carbon fiber materials to provide a balance between durability and weight. The frame consisted of four arms extending from a central hub, each fitted with a brushless motor and propeller. The lightweight nature of the materials helped maximize flight time and payload capacity, which is essential for agricultural tasks like pesticide spraying.
The structural design also included a payload attachment system, allowing the drone to carry different payloads, such as cameras for surveillance or sprayers for pesticide application. The modular design ensured that the drone could be adapted to different agricultural use cases with minimal modifications.